Media Industries and audiences

Media Industries and audiences

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Daily mail

 

 

 

Print news: Historically news paper production was expensive.

• The production of the News was in the hands of newspaper journalists editors and printers
• Distribution of the news occurred when newspapers sent their newspapers to Newsagents via organisations who had some control over which publications were published, but had no control over content
• Newsagents and retailers sold the newspapers to the public (circulation)
• Producers control news content – this is an important issue as journalists and news editors are expected to adhere to professional standards.

On-line 

• Distribution and circulation are combined via websites or social media
• News shelf life’s with the onset of Online are now short.  With news exclusives being used (in Print media) to sell  news.   They are now less valuable as the news cycle has shortened with Online News, where an exclusive can be picked up by the competition and recycled instantly.  
• News Organisations now rely on formats such as gossip, lifestyle journalism and sports journalism to minimize risk.

 

 

 

 

Daily mail links to celebs- Lord rothermerre

 

This is sold for £0.65

Mail:demographic

age:65 yeats+ 45%

gender: 52.5% female

 

 

 how attracts woman more:

• This attracts females as the bikins on celebritys
• celebrity outfits
• a lot of the celebrity gossip is aimed towards a younger audience
• Talking about David Beckham in a tight top

 

 

                     Telograph - Owned by Barclay Brothers - multimillionaire -leaving abroad

 

This is sold at the price of £1.40 and applies a Paywall £3.00 per week to generate income

 

 

Mail:demographic

age:65 yeats+ 46 middle class men

 

 

 

 

 



 

  how attracts males:

• royal family info - older demographic
• avengers aimed towards males
• low cut dress
• 53% male and 47% female

• Some Newspapers rely entirely on advertising as they are given away (to boost circulation and attract advertising) for Free such as the Metro
• The Guardian retails for £2.20 and relies on voluntary donations for online news and now has 800,000 paying supporters
• Some newspapers gain revenue from advertising space where Print was traditionally more lucrative than online advertising, however with the decline in print sales online is increasingly more important especially as On-line has a global audience.
   
   
   

   
   

 

 

 

 

2.0 The significance of issues of ownership and economic factors, including the range of each newspaper’s print and online content,

 

Media theory Curran and Seaton.  Argue that media industries follow a capitalist pattern of increasing concentration of ownership in fewer and fewer hands.  

 

This leads to a narrowing of the range of opinions represented in the pursuit of profit at the expense of quality and creativity.  

 

Curran and Seaton’s theory relates to PROFIT and Power. 

 

• With the concentration of newspaper’s in fewer hands (oligarchies) enables Newspapers to increase profits through increased readership.
• With the narrowing of choice to few Newspaper groups the owners of the Press groups the Press Barons (see below) or Elites have the opportunity to represent their political perspectives.
• This applies to the narrow range of political opinions expressed by British Newspapers with a bias to Pro capitalism
• The reason why Press barons own Newspapers is to achieve status and to wield political power.

 

 

Economic factors.

 

Print Media

 

• Historically Print media had a strong editorial heritage with professional standards leading to serious journalism.  
• This was funded through the cost of the newspaper.

 

On-line media

 

• With the decline in Newspaper sales there has been a decline in the quality of journalism where serious journalism such as international news and investigative reporting have been reduced for cost reasons
• Advertising revenue from print journalism has moved to Online media such as Google and Facebook
• There has been a rise in cheaper journalism in the form of opinion, celebrity reporting, lifestyle journalism and sport

 

 

 

 

 

 

News Industries funding

 

• Newspapers relied on circulation and advertising for revenue, Tabloid Newspapers had a larger circulation but their working class audiences were less attractive to advertisers so the Tabloids relied more on cover price.
• Broadsheet Newspapers had smaller circulations and an attractive upmarket audience and relied more on advertising.

 

 

 

 

      summary of funding structures between the mail and telograph

 

The Daily mail is one of the biggets tabloids in the Uk,the conservative newspaper gets their money form advertising as the low price of £0.65 to have the printed tabloid.Whereas, The Teleograph is aimed towards a older audience and doesn't have a big market compared to the Daily Mail.Thisis at the price of £1.40 which is

 

 

 

 

 

Mail for example has sections which reflect the lifestyle of its audience.  The Femail section on Thursdays has a tab in the Mail – Online and addressees its female audience with topics similar to lifestyle magazines such as health food,, fashion and beauty.   The newspaper reflects its social class by including sensationalist celebrity coverage and a fairly detailed business section.

 

The Mail online addresses audiences quite differently to its print sister as the style is targeted towards a younger audience and the contentment covers more celebrity gossip and international stories as its audience is much more global.

 

The Telegraph addresses their audience in a way that focuses more on international news and serious politics as is reflected by its Broadsheet heritage.

 

5.0 how audience may interpret the same media in different ways

 

S. Hall’s Reception theory

 

The theory suggests that: When a producer constructs a text it is encoded with a meaning or message that the producer wishes to convey to the audience

 

• In some instances audiences will correctly decode the message or meaning and understand what the producer was trying to say
• In some instances the audience will either reject or fail to correctly understand the message

 

media producers encode ‘preferred meanings’ into texts, but these texts may be ‘read’ by their audiences in a number of different ways:

 

•  The dominant position: a ‘preferred reading’ that accepts the text’s messages and the ideological assumptions behind the messages
•  The negotiated position: the reader accepts the text’s ideological assumptions, but disagrees with aspects of the messages, so negotiates the meaning to fit with their ‘lived experience’
• The oppositional reading: the reader rejects both the overt message and its underlying ideological assumptions.

 

 

 

Daily mail-

online-

 

 

 

 

print

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                    The Telegraph-

                                                                           online

Print

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 preffered- They agree with main headline as they believe they should be let in

oppositional- Disagrees as it comes accross agressive and that everyone shpould be let in regardless

negotiated- Believes some Turkish people should be allowed in depending on the situation

The Print Press is regulated by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO)

The Press in principle is self-regulated by this body however some organisations are not affiliated (Guardian)
Newspapers can in principle be sued through Britain’s libel laws where journalists have to prove that what they have written is true to win cases.
Online news is not regulated at all  (unless online newspapers choose to sign up to a regulator such as IPSO.
This has provided many online news providers a loop=hole that they can publish untruths with impunity (can’t be sued)

 

 

 

  The issue of an unregulated Press is a key issue following the proven Russian interference in the 2016 Presidential elections.
Following an enquiry Facebook has acknowledged the need to employ content reviewers in order to prevent the release of fake news.
 
 
 
 

Further reading Curran and Seaton

   

Curran and Seaton A political economy approach to the media – arguing that patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate. Media industries follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michael Jackson Essay

Construct an essay:

Analyse how the Billy Jean music video by Michael Jackson represent or subvert black stereotypes of black identity.

Word count minimum 700

The music video "Billie jean" was recorded in 1982,directed by Micheal Jackson himself and Quincy jones.The song is considered to be a pop and R&B which is stereotypical for a black male artist.The pop video is upbeat and has Michael Jackson doing his iconic dances moves down the street which is also another generalisation of black people have good rhythm and are good dancers.At the beginning each cut between shots is on the beat which creates a flow of rhythm to the music.Michael Jacksons short film "Billie jean" which is a music video about love which is a stereotypical topic for the pop genre,were he sings about how a woman named Billie Jean is lying by  claiming  Jackson is the father of her child.Black men gave the stereotype of not taking responsibility for the child and that they're absent fathers.There is a relationship between the lyrics and visuals as a man is stalking Michael Jackson trying to set hi up for a crime even though he is innocent.

He was the first black artist to be played in heavy rotation on MTV, due to having the best music video production ,which then got lots of people interested and amazed at the entertaining  Pop video with a different style which then influenced other artists.In the video the music is very performances based as the camera focuses on him as he walks down the urban street.The pavement lights up as he dances which has a disco vibe and draws the attention to his dancing footwork. Everything Jackson touched turned white as though,it is purified.The floor,the homeless man changes into a white suit,the dirty bin becomes white and the bed sheets also glows which can be portrayed as 

'be careful of who you love' which implies that they have had a history together but the adjective 'careful' portrays she may be crazy which refers back to the statement he isn't the father. 'She is just a girl that claims that I am the the one'', thus has stereotypes of black men as they're seen as 'breaking young girls hearts' as they're stereotyped for messing around with girls and being emotionless as they play with their feelings.The story is linear,as the narrative is in chronological order.Although,the narrative is enigmatic as the end is left open with him being invisible but notifying the audience he is still their as the floor lights up.


Black people also have the stereotype of being criminals 'law was on her side' this creates thus portrays she got the court involved and that her plan was making him look in the wrong, 'she's in demand' it can be assumed she is a  white  female and is taken more seriously by the law as she gets sympathy,whereas Michael Jackson is looked down upon as he looks like a father who doesn't want to claim his child.Furthermore,the man stalking Jackson is also a white man who is trying to set him up negatively as they try to portray him as a bad person.The audience how get see him being happy dancing and also helping the homeless which makes the audience see Michael Jackson look innocent as he is the protagonist.Whereas,the detective is dressed in a dark outfit and is portrayed as sly and mischievous which makes him the antagonist. In addition, it is also justified as the video is argued to show voyeurism as the audience are permitted to watch him perform live in front of a billboard .Moreover the billboards are of two white females who are seen  as looking down on him thus further evoking sense of everyone "watching".

Billie Jean Micheal Jackson

• when he steps the floor lights up on beat 
• Allegations he has slept and had a child when it is proven to be false "she says i am the one" "but the kid is not my son"
• detective taking photos he then he disappears showing the paps are trying to make a story were there isn't one   
• "dont go around breaking young girls hearts"
• whatever he touches turns white meaning pure 
• changing scenes on the beat of the drums (in flow of rhythm)
•  stylist choregraphy,fast beat,bright clothing and lighting refers ti the mainstream pop 
• billboards are seen looking down on him 
• 1st mtv black person on there 

THE SHORT FILM

Director: Steve Barron

Primary Production Location: Los Angeles, California

Michael Jackson's short film for "Billie Jean" was the first of three short films produced for recordings from Thriller, which continues its reign as the biggest selling album of all time with worldwide sales in excess of 105 million as of June 1, 2016 and in December, 2015 became the first ever album to be awarded triple diamond status by the RIAA for US sales alone. The "Billie Jean" single reached No. 1 in 10 countries in the spring of 1983, including seven consecutive weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 - becoming the second-highest selling single in America that same year.

The short film featured a paparazzo attempting to photograph Jackson as he danced through an urban landscape. A specially created set featured steps and sidewalk tiles that lit up underneath Michael's feet. It is here that fans first saw some of Michael's best-known dance moves, such as spinning and landing on his toes. Many of Michael's steps and mannerisms in the video would become forever associated with The King of Pop.

The "Billie Jean" short film made history as the first video by a black artist to be played in heavy rotation on MTV, then in its second year. In 1992, the short film was inducted into the Music Video Producers Hall of Fame. MTV ranked "Billie Jean" as the 35th greatest music video of all time in 1999, one of three entries of Jackson's on the chart alongside "Thriller" and "Beat It."

She was more like a beauty queen

From a movie scene

I said, "Don't mind, but what do you mean

I am the one

Who will dance on the floor in the round?"

She said I am the one

Who will dance on the floor in the round

She told me her name was Billie Jean

As she caused a scene

Then every head turned with eyes that dreamed of being the one

Who will dance on the floor in the round

People always told me, "Be careful of what you do.

And don't go around breaking young girls' hearts."

And mother always told me, "A-be careful of who you love,

And be careful of what you do

'Cause the lie becomes the truth."

Billie Jean is not my lover

She's just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one

But the kid is not my son

For forty days and for forty nights

Law was on her side

But who can stand

When she's in demand

Her schemes and plans

'Cause we danced on the floor in the round

So take my strong advice

Just remember to always think twice

(Do think twice, do think twice.)

She told, "My baby, we'd danced 'til three."

Then she looked at me

Then showed a photo of a baby cry

His eyes looked like mine, oh, no

Do a dance on the floor in the round, baby

A-people always told me, "Be careful of what you do

And don't go around breaking young girls' hearts."

(Don't break no heart.)

A-but she came and stood right by me

And just the smell of sweet perfume

And this happened much too soon

And she called me to her room

Billie Jean is not my lover

She's just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

(No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.)

Billie Jean is not my lover

She's just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one

But the kid is not my son

No, no, no

Billie Jean is not my lover

She's just a girl who claims that I am the one

(No, there's not me, baby.)

But the kid is not my son

(No, no, no, no, no, no, no.)

She says I am the one (No, babe.)

But the kid is not my son, no, no, no

She says I am the one

You know what you did

She says he is my son

Breaking my heart, babe

She says I am the one

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

She is the one

Billie Jean is not my lover

She is the one

Don't call me Billie Jean

She is the one

Billie Jean is not my lover

She is the one

Billie Jean is not my lover

Micheal Jackson was accused of having "billie Jeans" child,as she was filing a law suit trying to claim money from him.The paparazzi were following him around taking photos of Micheal however he isn't shown in the photos.This reflects how the allegations were false and that "but the kid is not my son".Michael is seen as being the good person as he gives money to the poor at the beginning going on with his life,whereas,the detective is in a dark clothing and is portrayed as being manipulative as they try to create a story out of nothing.

Rick James has Beef with MTV

"Super Freak" was released about five months after MTV went on the air, and Rick James made a slick video for the song hoping it would get some spins on the network.  However, MTV refused to play videos by black artists, and they rejected this clip, continuing to feed America a steady stream of rock and EuroPop. This refusal to play black music conventional wisdom was that you would lose your white listeners if you played black music.

Superfreak Video

•Rick James video presented a hyper-sexualised black male who white women found attractive.

•Rick James’ subliminal media language of “the “Black Buck” was not suited to white white producers.

sterotypes of black men

•black sidekick of a white protagonist (the help)(secondary role) – learners may independently research the meaning of the “foil” as a character role.

•the token black person,

•the comedic relief,

•the athlete,

•the over-sexed ladies’ man, (black Buck)

•the absentee father or,

•the violent black man as drug-dealing criminal and gangster thug. 

Stereotypes :Positive and negative stereotypes are often seen in contemporary British media.

–Musicians – jazz, hip-hop and soul

–Sportsmen and women

–Comedians

–Criminals

–Socially dysfunctional

–Prostitute/sexually promiscuous

–The stud/pimp

michael jacksons sterotypes 

"musical inovator"

"clean-guy next door image"

"hero"protagonist "innocent"

magical-negro

Camera/Editing: In the beginning of the video the colouring is black and white with a dark contrast which sets a dark and scary atmosphere. The setting is also isolated so this enhances the danger and engages the audience as they want to find out more. The slow motion shadow shots start to pace up and turn to jump cuts of different body shots (hand, legs, body) which creates the illusion of flashes which slowly introduces whats about to happen to the audience. Suddenly it turns into normal colour onto the  singer Michael Jackson immediately walking down the path we've just witnessed in black and white, now in colour. The shot of (0.8seconds) of the character of an illeged investigator flashes up and then instantly disappears, which is effective as it creates the eery effect of being watched.

Narrative: The plot shows the moral decay and poverty of the setting but it's also talking about an overobsessive fan that thinks that her kid is Michael Jacksons's son. It is slightly clear throughout the video as we get the idea of being stalked. 

Essay writting from someone else 

https://studymoose.com/the-music-video-of-michael-jackson-essay